Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Hypothermia but not NMDA receptor antagonism protects against stroke induced by distal middle cerebral arterial occlusion in mice

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229499

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Mice were injected (i.p.) with saline (4 ml/kg) or MK801 (4 mg/kg), and the locomotor activity was investigated in an open field test chamber. n = 4 per group. Data were compared by 2-way repeated measures ANOVA (matching locomotion over time from the same animal) followed by Fisher’s LSD test. *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 indicate significant differences compared to the saline-treated mice. ( B ) Thigmotaxis of mice in A was determined by measuring the time they spent near the chamber wall. n = 4 per group. Data were compared by 2-way repeated measures ANOVA (matching thigmotaxis measured from the same animal) followed by Fisher’s LSD test. *P<0.05 indicates a significant difference compared to the saline-treated mice. ( C ) Mice were injected (i.p.) with MK801 (4 mg/kg), Tat-NR2B9c (8 mg/kg), L-JNKI-1 (8 mg/kg), or vehicle (saline at 4 ml/kg), and after light sedation by 1% isoflurane, the body temperature was measured by a rectal probe. n = 5 per group. Data were compared by 2-way repeated measures ANOVA (matching body temperature from the same animal); n.s. indicates no significant difference. In A - C , error bars indicate the mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: Tat-NR2B9c (cat.# HY-P0117; peptide sequence: YGRKKRRQRRRKLSSIESDV ) and L-JNKI-1 (cat.# HY-P0069A; peptide sequence: GRKKRRQRRRPPRPKRPTTLNLFPQVPRSQD ) were purchased from MedChemExpress, and their purities were reported to be 98.22% and 95.50%, respectively, according to HPLC/LCMS analytical data from the manufacturer.

Techniques: Injection, Saline, Activity Assay

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Hypothermia but not NMDA receptor antagonism protects against stroke induced by distal middle cerebral arterial occlusion in mice

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229499

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Mice were injected (i.p.) with MK801 (4 mg/kg), Tat-NR2B9c (8 mg/kg), L-JNKI-1 (8 mg/kg), or vehicle (saline at 4 ml/kg) 30 min prior to induction of focal ischemia by 120 min dMCAO. During the 120 min ischemic period, the mice were allowed to recover from anesthesia in a heated chamber, and 22 h post-reperfusion, their brains were collected and coronally sectioned to determine the infarct areas via 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Comparison by 2-way repeated measures ANOVA (matching coronal sections from the same mouse) found no significant difference among the treatment groups. ( B ) Representative TTC-stained brain slices from A . ( C ) Total infarct volume extrapolated from A . The infarct volumes were compared by 1-way ANOVA; n.s. indicates no significant difference. In A and C , n = 14–15 per treatment group, and error bars indicate the mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: Tat-NR2B9c (cat.# HY-P0117; peptide sequence: YGRKKRRQRRRKLSSIESDV ) and L-JNKI-1 (cat.# HY-P0069A; peptide sequence: GRKKRRQRRRPPRPKRPTTLNLFPQVPRSQD ) were purchased from MedChemExpress, and their purities were reported to be 98.22% and 95.50%, respectively, according to HPLC/LCMS analytical data from the manufacturer.

Techniques: Injection, Saline, Staining, Comparison

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Hypothermia but not NMDA receptor antagonism protects against stroke induced by distal middle cerebral arterial occlusion in mice

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229499

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Representative images of Fluoro-Jade (FJ)-stained brain slices. Mice were injected (i.p.) with MK801 (4 mg/kg), Tat-NR2B9c (8 mg/kg), L-JNKI-1 (8 mg/kg), or vehicle (saline at 4 ml/kg) 30 min prior to induction of focal ischemia by 120 min dMCAO. During the 120 min ischemic period, the mice were allowed to recover from anesthesia in a heated chamber, and 72 h post-reperfusion, their brains were coronally sectioned and stained with FJ B to determine the density [ top panel (scale bar = 10 μ m) , # of FJ+ neurons per 106.7μm x 106.7μm imaged area of the ischemic core] and spread [ bottom panel (scale bar = 200 μ m) , FJ+ brain region] of neurodegeneration. ( B ) Summarized data from A showing neurodegeneration in the ischemic core over time. ( C ) Summarized data from A showing the spread of neurodegeneration over time. In B and C , the error bars indicate the mean ± SEM, and n = 6 per group. Data were compared by Student’s t test. n.s. indicates no significant difference.

Article Snippet: Tat-NR2B9c (cat.# HY-P0117; peptide sequence: YGRKKRRQRRRKLSSIESDV ) and L-JNKI-1 (cat.# HY-P0069A; peptide sequence: GRKKRRQRRRPPRPKRPTTLNLFPQVPRSQD ) were purchased from MedChemExpress, and their purities were reported to be 98.22% and 95.50%, respectively, according to HPLC/LCMS analytical data from the manufacturer.

Techniques: Staining, Injection, Saline

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Hypothermia but not NMDA receptor antagonism protects against stroke induced by distal middle cerebral arterial occlusion in mice

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229499

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Mice were injected (i.p.) with MK801 (4 mg/kg), Tat-NR2B9c (8 mg/kg), L-JNKI-1 (8 mg/kg), or vehicle (saline at 4 ml/kg) 30 min prior to induction of focal ischemia by 120 min dMCAO. During the 120 min ischemic period, the mice remained under surgical anesthesia, and the body temperature was tightly controlled via a rectal probe coupled automatically adjusting heating pad. The body temperature over the ischemic period was recorded. Data were compared by 2-way repeated measures ANOVA (matching body temperature from the same animal); n.s. indicates no significant difference. ( B ) Brains of the mice from A were collected 22 h after reperfusion and coronally sectioned to determine the infarct area via 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Comparison by 2-way repeated measures ANOVA (matching coronal sections from same mouse) found no significant difference among the treatment groups. ( C ) Representative TTC-stained brain slices from B . ( D ) The total infarct volume extrapolated from B . The infarct volumes were compared by 1-way ANOVA; n.s. indicates no significant difference. In A , B and D , n = 6–7 per treatment group, and error bars indicate the mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: Tat-NR2B9c (cat.# HY-P0117; peptide sequence: YGRKKRRQRRRKLSSIESDV ) and L-JNKI-1 (cat.# HY-P0069A; peptide sequence: GRKKRRQRRRPPRPKRPTTLNLFPQVPRSQD ) were purchased from MedChemExpress, and their purities were reported to be 98.22% and 95.50%, respectively, according to HPLC/LCMS analytical data from the manufacturer.

Techniques: Injection, Saline, Staining, Comparison